Cell Organelles

Cell organelles are small structures inside a cell that perform specific jobs. They are categorized based on their membrane structure:

• Non-membranous: Ribosomes, Cytoskeleton.
• Single-membrane: Vacuoles, Golgi apparatus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Lysosomes.
• Double-membrane: Nucleus, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts.

Key Organelles and Functions

• Plasma Membrane: Selective entry/exit; maintains homeostasis.
• Nucleus: DNA storage and genetic control.
• Mitochondria: Energy production (ATP); "Powerhouse of the cell".
• Ribosomes: Protein synthesis.
• Golgi Complex: Packaging and modification of proteins.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Transport system (Rough ER for proteins, Smooth ER for lipids/detoxification).
• Plastids (Chloroplasts): Photosynthesis in plants.
• Vacuoles: Storage of water and nutrients.